Question 1

Can benign prostate enlargement turn into cancer?

Accepted Answer

Benign prostate enlargement is not prostate cancer and does not turn into cancer. However, a person with an enlarged prostate can also develop prostate cancer separately. For that reason PSA, examination and any necessary tests are assessed independently.

Question 2

Does a high PSA always mean cancer?

Accepted Answer

No. PSA (prostate-specific antigen) is a protein produced by prostate tissue, and a raised level can also result from benign prostate enlargement, prostatitis, some recent procedures or temporary irritation of the prostate. What counts as "normal" varies with age, prostate volume and laboratory, so a single number should never be judged alone; the result must be interpreted by a urology specialist together with age, examination, previous values and, if needed, tests such as prostate MRI.

Question 3

At what age should prostate check-ups begin?

Accepted Answer

Around age 50 is generally accepted as a starting point. Men with a family history of prostate cancer may need to start earlier. The personal starting age and check-up interval are set considering family history and previous PSA values, so it is best discussed with a urology specialist.

Question 4

At what age does erectile dysfunction (ED) start — does it only affect older men?

Accepted Answer

Although ED becomes more common with age, it is not caused by ageing alone. Vascular problems, hormonal imbalance, diabetes, smoking, stress and certain medications can cause it in younger men too. If the problem persists, see a urology specialist to identify the cause.

Question 5

What causes frequent urination, and when should you see a doctor?

Accepted Answer

Harmless causes such as high fluid or caffeine intake are common, but urinary tract infection, overactive bladder, prostate-related problems and systemic conditions such as diabetes can also cause frequent urination. If it affects daily life or is accompanied by burning, pain or blood in the urine, a urological assessment is recommended.

Question 6

What are the symptoms of kidney stones and how are they recognised?

Accepted Answer

Severe pain starting in the flank or lower back and radiating to the groin, nausea and vomiting, blood in the urine and sometimes burning during urination are typical. Flank pain with fever requires urgent assessment. Definitive diagnosis is made with imaging such as ultrasound or CT.

Question 7

Is urinary incontinence more common in women or men?

Accepted Answer

Incontinence occurs in both sexes. In women, stress incontinence related to childbirth and pelvic floor weakness is more common, while in men prostate-related causes and the period after prostate surgery are more prominent. Once the type is identified, treatment options become clearer.

Question 8

What conditions does urology cover, and when should you see a urologist?

Accepted Answer

Urology deals with diseases of the urinary tract — kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra — and the male reproductive organs. Changes in urinary habits, pain or burning while urinating, blood in the urine, kidney stone pain, testicular swelling and sexual health complaints are reasons to consider a urological assessment.

Reliable, Accessible Information on Urological Health

Topics

Prostate Health

Kidney Stones

Bladder Health

Men's Health

Female Urology

Pediatric Urology

Urologic Cancers

Minimally Invasive / Robotic

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